It’s always good to know what to do to help someone who is experiencing an opioid poisoning.

The unregulated drug supply can be unpredictable and inconsistent, therefore there can be a higher risk of drug poisoning. Even when people take steps to stay safe, the varying strength and contents of substances can lead to a poisoning. If you or someone you know uses drugs – or might be around others who do – being informed, prepared and ready to respond can help reduce harm and save lives.

Why “poisoning” instead of “overdose”?
The term drug poisoning is now being used instead of overdose because it more accurately reflects the realities of many drug-related emergencies. These situations often involve a toxic response to unpredictable substances – such as fentanyl, xylazine or other contaminants – in the unregulated drug supply. People may not know exactly what is in their substances or how strong they are. In many cases, the harm is not due to intentional overuse, but rather the result of unexpected toxicity. To help keep people informed, Nova Scotia Health gives drug alerts when it learns of contaminated drugs in communities.

Know the signs and symptoms
Recognizing the signs of opioid poisoning can help you act quickly and confidently. These signs include:

• Difficulty walking, talking, waking up (even when shaken or shouted at), or staying awake; extreme drowsiness
• Blue or grey lips or nails
• Very small pupils
• Cold, clammy skin
• Dizziness or confusion
• Choking, gurgling or snoring sounds
• Slow, weak or no breathing

Act quickly
If you suspect that someone may be experiencing opioid poisoning, act fast. This is always a medical emergency and getting help quickly can mean the difference between life and death.

• Try to wake the person up. Shake their shoulders and shout their name.
• Call 9-1-1 for help.
• Start CPR if the person is not breathing.
• Give naloxone while you wait for help. Follow the directions in the kit.
• Stay until help arrives.

Naloxone facts
Naloxone is a fast-acting drug that can temporarily reverse the effects of an opioid overdose; it’s been approved for use in Canada for more than 40 years, is safe for all ages and won’t create a dependence.  Naloxone takes effect in one to five minutes – but it wears off in 20 to 90 minutes, so you still need to call 9-1-1. Remember: Using naloxone is not a substitute for emergency medical care.

In Nova Scotia, take-home naloxone kits are available for free at pharmacies, healthcare facilities and support organizations across Nova Scotia. In 2024, 10,281 kits were distributed in the province by pharmacies and take-home naloxone distribution sites.

Anyone in the province can get a kit. The training takes less than 10 minutes. People who are using substances, or who may be in a situation where others are using substances, should carry a naloxone kit in case of emergency. Be sure to store your kit at room temperature, let people know you have it and where you keep it.

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